Tracking the COVID-19 crisis with high-resolution transaction data
نویسندگان
چکیده
Payments systems generate vast amounts of naturally occurring transaction data rarely used for constructing official statistics. We consider billions transactions from card a large bank, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, as an alternative source information measuring consumption. show, via validation against consumption measures, that complements national accounts and surveys. then analyse the impact COVID-19 in Spain, document: (i) strong responses to business closures, but smaller effects capacity restrictions; (ii) steeper decline spending rich neighbourhoods; (iii) higher mobility residents lower-income neighbourhoods, correlating with increased disease incidence.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Royal Society Open Science
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2054-5703']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210218